Tinjauan Literatur Potensi Pengembangan Palm Kernel Cake sebagai Sumber Daya Serbaguna dalam Industri Sawit Berkelanjutan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54082/jupin.2087Kata Kunci:
Bungkil Inti Sawit, Pemanfaatan Biomassa, Bioenergi dan Karbon Aktif, Bioekonomi Sirkular, Industri Minyak Sawit BerkelanjutanAbstrak
Industri kelapa sawit Indonesia menghasilkan volume limbah padat yang besar, salah satunya Palm Kernel Cake (PKC), residu dari ekstraksi minyak inti sawit yang kaya protein, lemak, serat kasar, mineral, dan karbohidrat kompleks. Studi ini menganalisis potensi PKC sebagai biomassa multifungsi yang mendukung bioindustri sawit berkelanjutan dan terintegrasi sesuai prinsip ekonomi hijau. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis melalui pengumpulan data primer di PTPN IV Sei Pagar serta telaah komparatif terhadap dua belas studi (2016–2025) yang berfokus pada komposisi biokimia, efisiensi konversi, dan kelayakan industri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan PKC melalui fermentasi mikroba dan perlakuan enzimatis dapat meningkatkan kadar protein hingga 25% dan kecernaan bahan kering 20%, sehingga layak sebagai bahan pakan alternatif berkualitas tinggi dan ramah lingkungan. Pemanfaatan PKC untuk bioenergi dan karbon aktif juga menunjukkan efisiensi konversi tinggi, dengan biogas mengandung lebih dari 50% metana dan karbon aktif berpori mencapai luas permukaan 980 m²/g, menandakan potensi kuat di sektor energi terbarukan dan remediasi lingkungan. Studi ini juga menemukan bahwa integrasi pengolahan PKC dalam model bioenergi bertingkat dapat memperkuat ekonomi sirkular sektor sawit melalui diversifikasi produk bernilai tambah seperti biofuel, biopolimer, perantara biokimia, dan material penyimpanan energi. Secara keseluruhan, temuan ini menegaskan bahwa PKC memiliki potensi strategis sebagai sumber daya industri hijau yang mendukung dekarbonisasi, pemberdayaan ekonomi pedesaan, dan pengelolaan limbah berkelanjutan sekaligus meningkatkan ketahanan ekonomi dan keberlanjutan lingkungan jangka panjang industri sawit Indonesia.
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