Faktor Penentu Keberhasilan Implementasi Kerja Sama Pemerintah dengan Badan Usaha (KPBU) di Kabupaten Madiun
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54082/jupin.2436Kata Kunci:
Faktor Penentu Keberhasilan, Infrastruktur Pelayanan Dasar, Kerja Sama Pemerintah Dengan Badan Usaha, New Public Management, Public-Private PartnershipAbstrak
Implementasi Kerja Sama Pemerintah dengan Badan Usaha (KPBU) di tingkat kabupaten di Indonesia menghadapi tantangan struktural yang serius, namun studi empiris tentang faktor-faktor yang menentukan keberhasilannya pada level pemerintahan ini masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor penentu keberhasilan implementasi KPBU di tingkat kabupaten melalui studi kasus proyek Alat Penerangan Jalan (APJ) Kabupaten Madiun, yaitu proyek KPBU pertama di Indonesia pada sektor konservasi energi tingkat kabupaten yang berhasil mencapai operasi komersial. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus tunggal diterapkan; data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, analisis dokumen, dan observasi lapangan, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik dengan pencocokan pola. Kerangka analitis mengintegrasikan Critical Success Factors (CSF), teori privatisasi, dan paradigma New Public Management. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi tiga faktor dengan urgensi tertinggi, yaitu kejelasan tujuan dan sasaran, dukungan pemerintah lokal, dan kerangka hukum serta regulasi yang secara sinergis membentuk ekosistem enabling conditions. Secara empiris, ditemukan bahwa keberhasilan proyek APJ Madiun ditopang oleh tata kelola multi-level yang melampaui fungsi administratif konvensional, namun rentan terhadap risiko ketergantungan pada individu kunci. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan ilmu administrasi publik dengan memperluas proposisi teori privatisasi bahwa implementasi KPBU yang efektif di tingkat daerah membutuhkan strong state facilitation, bukan sekadar state withdrawal, serta menawarkan kerangka kebijakan infrastruktur yang dapat direplikasi oleh pemerintah kabupaten lain di Indonesia.
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