Vitamin D dan Pertumbuhan Linear Anak: Tinjauan Literatur Terstruktur tentang Status dan Suplementasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54082/jupin.2770Kata Kunci:
pertumbuhan anak, stunting, suplementasi, vitamin DAbstrak
Vitamin D berperan dalam metabolisme tulang dan proses biologis yang mendukung pertumbuhan anak, tetapi bukti mengenai perannya dalam pertumbuhan linear masih menunjukkan hasil yang beragam. Tinjauan literatur terstruktur ini bertujuan mengkaji bukti mengenai status dan suplementasi vitamin D dalam pertumbuhan linear anak. Penelusuran dilakukan melalui PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, dan Google Scholar terhadap artikel penelitian asli berbahasa Inggris yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2015–2025 dan melibatkan anak usia 0–15 tahun. Sebanyak 442 rekaman diperoleh pada tahap identifikasi; setelah penghapusan 204 duplikat dan proses penyaringan, 23 artikel diperiksa dalam bentuk teks lengkap dan 19 publikasi dimasukkan dalam sintesis. Dari 12 publikasi mengenai status vitamin D atau indikator terkait vitamin D, dua menunjukkan hubungan dengan pertumbuhan linear atau stunting, tujuh tidak menunjukkan hubungan utama yang konsisten, dan tiga memberikan temuan khusus, deskriptif, atau terbatas pada subkelompok tertentu. Pada studi suplementasi, manfaat terhadap pertumbuhan ditemukan pada kondisi tertentu, terutama pada anak dengan status vitamin D awal yang sangat rendah, sedangkan beberapa intervensi lain menunjukkan peningkatan konsentrasi 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] tanpa perbaikan pertumbuhan linear. Variasi usia, desain penelitian, definisi defisiensi vitamin D, metode pemeriksaan, dosis, durasi suplementasi, dan luaran pertumbuhan turut membatasi perbandingan antarstudi. Secara keseluruhan, bukti yang tersedia belum mendukung status atau suplementasi vitamin D sebagai penentu tunggal pertumbuhan linear dan stunting pada anak.
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