Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Putus Berobat pada Pasien Tuberkulosis di Kabupaten Sleman Tahun 2015–2018 melalui Kohort Retrospektif
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54082/jupin.2789Kata Kunci:
kohort retrospektif, lost to follow-up, sleman, surveilans, tuberkulosisAbstrak
Putus berobat (lost to follow-up) pada pengobatan tuberkulosis (TB) menghambat kesembuhan dan berisiko memicu resistansi obat, tetapi data tingkat kabupaten tentang siapa yang putus berobat dan kapan hal itu terjadi masih terbatas. Penelitian ini mengukur proporsi putus berobat serta faktor pasien dan faktor waktu yang berhubungan dengannya di Kabupaten Sleman. Kohort retrospektif disusun dari register TB 03 Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sleman bagi episode pengobatan yang dimulai pada 2015–2018. Dari 3.448 entri, 38 entri ganda dikeluarkan dan hanya 2.505 episode dengan hasil akhir tercatat yang dianalisis; 905 episode tidak memiliki hasil akhir, 856 di antaranya berasal dari tahun 2018. Hubungan diuji dengan uji eksak dan regresi logistik Firth. Putus berobat terjadi pada 63 episode (2,5%). Dibandingkan tahun 2017, odds putus berobat lebih tinggi pada 2015 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3,23; IK95% 1,39–8,19), 2016 (aOR 4,60; IK95% 2,18–11,06), dan 2018 (aOR 7,06; IK95% 2,46–20,23), dan perbedaan ini bertahan pada analisis tanpa tahun 2018 maupun tanpa pasien pindah. Tidak ada putus berobat pada anak berumur di bawah 12 tahun (aOR 0,10; IK95% <0,01–0,77), sedangkan jenis kelamin, lokasi anatomi penyakit, dan tipe pasien tidak berhubungan dengan putus berobat. Median selang dari mulai pengobatan sampai putus berobat tercatat adalah 3,0 bulan, dengan selang terpanjang 7,0 bulan. Pemantauan putus berobat dari register rutin, dengan perhatian khusus pada bulan-bulan awal pengobatan, dapat membantu program menemukan pasien yang berisiko sebelum pengobatannya terputus.
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